{"id":3756,"date":"2019-05-25T01:27:54","date_gmt":"2019-05-25T01:27:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/?p=3756"},"modified":"2020-05-07T07:46:20","modified_gmt":"2020-05-07T07:46:20","slug":"14-common-types-of-porous-materials","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/14-loai-vat-lieu-xop-pho-bien\/","title":{"rendered":"14 lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u1ed1p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn"},"content":{"rendered":"

UPAC ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch l\u1ed7 ch\u00e2n l\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh micropores (<2nm), mesopores ho\u1eb7c mesopores (2 \u0111\u1ebfn 50nm), macropores (> 50nm) theo t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7 ch\u00e2n l\u00f4ng; theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 ch\u00e2n l\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh Micropores (<0,7nm) v\u00e0 micropoles (0,7-2nm), trong khi c\u00e1c gi\u1ebfng d\u01b0\u1edbi 100nm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 nanopores. V\u1eady t\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ed7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u?<\/p>

D\u00f2ng MCM<\/strong><\/h2>

MCM l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Mobil Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a V\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Mobil Oil, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ethyl silicate l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed3n silicon, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1eabu m\u1ec1m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean micelle. MCM Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh ng\u1ef1 l\u00e2m l\u00e0 MCM-41, MCM-48 v\u00e0 MCM-50. MCM-41 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac mesopious h\u00ecnh l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c, s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t mesopores h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1ed7 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh Mesopore c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh trong kho\u1ea3ng 2-6,5nm, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ri\u00eang l\u1edbn. So v\u1edbi s\u00e0ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed axit Bronsted trong MCM-41. Do th\u00e0nh m\u1ecfng v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 trao \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb silicon th\u1ea5p, li\u00ean k\u1ebft Si-O b\u1ecb th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4i, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t. C\u00e1c b\u00e0i b\u00e1o s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p MCM-41 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n trong JACs n\u0103m 1992, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 g\u1ea7n 12.000 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn. (J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1992, 114 (27), tr 10834-10843.) MCM-48 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ebf b\u00e0o li\u00ean k\u1ebft ba chi\u1ec1u. MCM-50 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac lamellar v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac mesostr c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 mes mesious b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac lamellar s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 khi lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u1edbp h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, v\u00e0 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng, n\u00ean n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng s\u00e2u. <\/strong><\/p>

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H\u00ecnh 1 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p MCM-41, ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t anion<\/strong> <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>

SBA lo\u1ea1t<\/strong><\/h2>

SBA l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Santa Barbara v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i l\u1edbn l\u00e0 SBA-15. SBA-15 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1edfi Zhao Dongyuan, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Fudan n\u0103m 1998 sau khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sau \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Santa Barbara, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc California, Hoa K\u1ef3. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean Science n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn h\u01a1n 10.000 l\u1ea7n ( Khoa h\u1ecdc 23 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1998: 279, 5350, 548-552.). SBA lo\u1ea1t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u silica trung t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khu\u00f4n m\u1ec1m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ed1i; k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7 ch\u00e2n l\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh trong ph\u1ea1m vi 5-30nm. SBA-15 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c k\u00eanh h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 song song h\u00ecnh l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i mesopores ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed7 ch\u00e2n l\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u00e0nh t\u1ebf b\u00e0o 3-6nm. Do th\u00e0nh t\u1ebf b\u00e0o d\u00e0y h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a SBA-15, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng MCM. SBA-15 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u1ed1p \u0111a chi\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a c\u1ea3 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00fang trong c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nung, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4.<\/p>

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H\u00ecnh 2 (tr\u00e1i) \u1ea2nh TEM c\u1ee7a SBA-15 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u00edch c\u1ee1 l\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u1ea7u k\u1ef5 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Triblock (ph\u1ea3i) s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng c\u1ee7a silica h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. Sau khi nung, micropores<\/strong> <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>

D\u00f2ng HMM<\/strong><\/h2>

HMM l\u00e0 t\u00ean vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u Mesopious Hiroshima v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Hiroshima chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2009. HMM l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u silicon h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng 4-15nm v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh 20-80nm. Trong b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c gi\u1ecdt nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng qua dung d\u1ecbch h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p d\u1ea7u \/ n\u01b0\u1edbc \/ ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n silic v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t polystyrene \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn silica h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u sau khi lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1eabu. (T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u vi m\u00f4 v\u00e0 trung b\u00ecnh 120 (2009) 447-453.)<\/p>

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H\u00ecnh 3 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p HMM v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m SEM v\u00e0 TEM<\/strong> <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>

TUD lo\u1ea1t<\/strong><\/h2>

TUD l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Technische Universiteit Delft, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Delft. Trong m\u00e1y vi t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed TUD-1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng b\u1ecdt v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t 400-1000 m2 \/ g v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t mesopore c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 2,5 \u0111\u1ebfn 25nm. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 triethylamine \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n m\u1eabu h\u1eefu c\u01a1. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1ed7 ch\u00e2n l\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n m\u1eabu h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n silicon. (H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng., 2001, 713-714)<\/p>

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H\u00ecnh 4 (tr\u00e1i) \u1ea2nh SEM c\u1ee7a TDU-1, (ph\u1ea3i) V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u carbon trung t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi TDU-1 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1eabu c\u1ee9ng<\/strong> <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>

D\u00f2ng FSM<\/strong><\/h2>

FSM l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Folded Sheets Mesopious V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. D\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a \u0111en c\u1ee7a t\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0, g\u1ea5p t\u1edd t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u mesopious. T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p FSM l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u silicat ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp Kanemite v\u00e0 alkyl trimethylamine chu\u1ed7i d\u00e0i (ATMA) trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ki\u1ec1m trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng h\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u silica h\u00ecnh l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c ba chi\u1ec1u. FSC c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 650-1000 m2 \/ g v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng 1,5-3nm. (Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 69, S\u1ed1 5 (1996))<\/p>

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H\u00ecnh 5 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 TEM c\u1ee7a FSM<\/strong> <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>

Lo\u1ea1t KIT<\/strong><\/h2>

KIT kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u00ean vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c. C\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u silic mesopomatic \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng \u0111\u01a1n h\u01b0\u1edbng SBA-15 (kh\u1ed1i p6mm), KIT-6 (kh\u1ed1i la3d) c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u1ed1i trung m\u00f4 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p KIT-6, h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Triblock (EO20PO70EO20) v\u00e0 butanol \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng KIT-6 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh trong 4-12nm, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 960-2200 m2 g-1. (H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng., 2003, 2136-2137)<\/p>

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H\u00ecnh 6 (tr\u00e1i) S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a SBA-15 p6mm v\u00e0 KIT-6 la3d, (ph\u1ea3i) \u1ea2nh TEM c\u1ee7a KIT-6<\/strong> <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>

D\u00f2ng CMK<\/strong><\/h2>

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p carbon mesopious l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1eabu c\u1ee9ng. C\u00e1c s\u00e0ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed trung t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 MCM-48 v\u00e0 SBA-15 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, cacbon h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 x\u00fac t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a axit v\u00e0 l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u huy\u1ec1n ph\u00f9 Road, sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u00f2a tan v\u1edbi SiO2 huy\u1ec1n ph\u00f9 NaOH ho\u1eb7c HF. \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c carbon trung t\u00ednh. N\u0103m 1999, Ryoo \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed l\u00e0m m\u1eabu c\u1ee9ng. Lo\u1ea1t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ean CMK. C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u00e0ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed Carbon v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t CMK-1, CMK-2, CMK-3, CMK-8 v\u00e0 CMK-9 b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u r\u00e2y ph\u00e2n t\u1eed carbon s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng MCM-48, SBA-1, SBA-15 v\u00e0 KIT-6 l\u00e0m m\u1eabu. (J. Phys. Chem. B, 103, 37, 1999.) CMK-3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u00ecnh l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c hai chi\u1ec1u v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7 h\u1eb9p, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ri\u00eang cao (1000-2000 m2 \/ g), th\u1ec3 t\u00edch l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng l\u1edbn 1,35 cm3 \/ g) v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ng axit v\u00e0 ki\u1ec1m m\u1ea1nh, l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t mang x\u00fac t\u00e1c t\u1ed1t.<\/p>

\"\"
H\u00ecnh 7 \u1ea2nh TEM c\u1ee7a CMK-1 v\u00e0 CMK-3<\/strong> <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>

D\u00f2ng FDU<\/strong><\/h2>

S\u00ea-ri FDU l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Fudan v\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean Zhao Dongyuan sau khi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Fudan. FDU l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c nh\u1ef1a phenolic \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khu\u00f4n m\u1ec1m. C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u carbon mesopious c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch carbon h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 ch\u00e2n l\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e0m t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ef1a phenolic l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u, b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ef1 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p bay h\u01a1i dung m\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1. (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 7053-7045)<\/p>

\"\"
H\u00ecnh 8 FDU-15 v\u00e0 FDU-16 sau khi cacbon h\u00f3a \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/strong> <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>

S\u00ea-ri STARBON<\/strong><\/h2>

Starbon l\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u carbon m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c. B\u1edfi v\u00ec Starbon ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc York t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sol-gel c\u1ee7a Tinh b\u1ed9t v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cacbon h\u00f3a. Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 Starbon, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd t\u00ean th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 Star Starbon. Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mesopore c\u1ee7a Starbon l\u00e0 2,0 cm3 \/ g, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 500 m2 \/ g, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t mang x\u00fac t\u00e1c, h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 kh\u00ed ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 Starbon c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh pectin v\u00e0 axit alginic.<\/p>

\"\"
H\u00ecnh 9 (tr\u00e1i) B\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p Starbon, (ph\u1ea3i) \u1ea2nh SEM c\u1ee7a Starbon<\/strong> <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>

D\u00f2ng ZSM<\/strong><\/h2>

ZSM l\u00e0 t\u00ean vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Zeolite Socony Mobil v\u00e0 ZSM-5 l\u00e0 t\u00ean th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 Zeolite th\u1ee9 n\u0103m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u1edfi Socony Mobil Corporation. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1975, Thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1978. ZSM-5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9nh h\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i r\u00e2y ph\u00e2n t\u1eed zeolite v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u00eanh ch\u00e9o ba chi\u1ec1u v\u1edbi v\u00f2ng silicon cao v\u00e0 n\u0103m th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 oleophilic v\u00e0 k\u1ef5 n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7t cao, v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 ch\u00e2n l\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng 0,55nm Hole Zeolite.<\/p>

\"\"
H\u00ecnh 10 TPABr t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ZSM-5<\/strong> <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>

D\u00f2ng AlPO<\/strong><\/h2>

AlPO l\u00e0 t\u00ean vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a r\u00e2y ph\u00e2n t\u1eed aluminophosphate kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a axit, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 r\u00e2y ph\u00e2n t\u1eed th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 hai, do C\u00f4ng ty UOP c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980. C\u00e1c khung s\u00e0ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng nhau c\u1ee7a t\u1ee9 di\u1ec7n AlO4- v\u00e0 PO4- v\u00e0 trung h\u00f2a v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh x\u00fac t\u00e1c axit y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ecb th\u1ec3, s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a khung zeolite AlPO c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1, do \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ednh axit, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00fac t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac khung c\u1ee7a AlPO4-5 thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c, v\u1edbi k\u00eanh ch\u00ednh v\u00f2ng 12 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7 0,76nm, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01a1m.<\/p>

Lo\u1ea1t SAPO<\/strong><\/h2>

SAPO l\u00e0 t\u00ean vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft t\u1eeb Silicoaluminophosphate, SAPO-34 l\u00e0 r\u00e2y ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1edfi UCC v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1982 v\u00e0 34 l\u00e0 m\u00e3. B\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a SAPO-34 bao g\u1ed3m PO2 +, SiO2, AlO2- v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c k\u00eanh ch\u00e9o ba chi\u1ec1u, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng t\u00e1m v\u00f2ng v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed axit v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00e1ch h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0 t\u00e1ch m\u00e0ng cho th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a SAPO-11 l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i Si, P, Al v\u00e0 O, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong ph\u1ea1m vi r\u1ed9ng, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng silicon c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. Zeolit SAPO-11, v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u, th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 h\u00ecnh b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c. Khung s\u00e0ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed SAPO \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e2m v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c cation trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh axit proton. S\u00e0ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed SAPO c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5, ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c.<\/p>

\"\"
H\u00ecnh 11 \u1ea2nh SEM c\u1ee7a SAPO-11 v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian k\u1ebft tinh l\u00e0 48h<\/strong> <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>


C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u1ed1p kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:
MSU <\/strong> (\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc bang Michigan) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c s\u00e0ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi Pinnavaia et al. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Michigan. MSU-X (MSU-1, MSU-2 v\u00e0 MSU-3). MSU-V, MSU-G c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00fai \u0111a b\u00e0o.<\/p>

HMS <\/strong><\/h2>

(Hexagonal Mesopious Silica) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t r\u00e2y ph\u00e2n t\u1eed mesopious \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi Pinnavaia v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u00ecnh l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ea5p.<\/p>

APM<\/strong> <\/h2>

(c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac mes chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb axit), m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Stucky v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n axit v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i MCM c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p (m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec1m).
Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u00ean r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u1ed1p c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, l\u00e0:<\/p>

1. M\u00e0ng t\u00e1ch kh\u00ed hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3;<\/p>

2. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc m\u00e0ng x\u00fac t\u00e1c;<\/p>

3.Substrate v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao;<\/p>

4. ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5t cho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng quang h\u1ecdc;<\/p>

5. v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao;<\/p>

6. \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c x\u1ed1p cho pin nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u;<\/p>

7. ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c cho pin;<\/p>

8. nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u (bao g\u1ed3m kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 hydro) Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef; <\/p>

9. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng;<\/p>

10. B\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>


Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u:<\/strong>1. J. Am. H\u00f3a. S\u00f3c., 1992, 114 (27), tr 10834-10843.2. Khoa h\u1ecdc 23 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1998: 279, 5350, 548-552.3. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u vi m\u00f4 v\u00e0 trung b\u00ecnh 120 (2009) 447-453.4. H\u00f3a. C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, 2001, 713-714.5. B\u00f2 \u0111\u1ef1c. H\u00f3a. S\u00f3c. Jpn., 69, s\u1ed1 5 (1996) 6. J. H\u00f3a. S\u00f3c., H\u00f3a. C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. 1993, 8, 680.7. H\u00f3a. C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, 2003, 2136-2137.8. J. V\u1eadt l\u00fd. H\u00f3a. B, 103, 37, 1999.9. T\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn. H\u00f3a. N\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 Ed. 2005, 44, 7053-7059. <\/p><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

UPAC separates pores into micropores (<2 nm), mesopores or mesopores (2 to 50 nm), macropores (> 50 nm) according to the pore size scale; according to the latest definition, the pores are subdivided into Micropores (<0.7 nm) and micropoles (0.7-2 nm), while wells below 100 nm are collectively referred to as nanopores. So how are…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19668,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[79],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3756","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-materials-weekly"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/141d2f_1ad683ac089a4a8dbd58302eb2e8e348-mv2.webp_-1.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3756","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3756"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3756\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19668"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3756"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3756"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3756"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}