{"id":18558,"date":"2018-08-10T02:37:43","date_gmt":"2018-08-10T02:37:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mcctcarbide.com\/?p=2770"},"modified":"2022-04-13T10:05:43","modified_gmt":"2022-04-13T10:05:43","slug":"tungsten-carbide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/vonfram-cacbua\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ea1i sao cacbua vonfram l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

T\u1ea1i sao cacbua vonfram l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng?<\/span><\/h2>\n

Cacbua vonfram l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 gia c\u00f4ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao (HSM) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch luy\u1ec7n kim b\u1ed9t, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t cacbua c\u1ee9ng (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 cacbua vonfram WC) v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft kim lo\u1ea1i m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n. th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m cacbua vonfram g\u1ed1c WC v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng coban (Co) l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh. Niken (Ni) v\u00e0 crom (Cr) c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 k\u1ebft d\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i cacbua? L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 cho m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1eaft c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3? \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nhau khi\u1ebfn cacbua vonfram tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Cacbua vonfram l\u00e0 g\u00ec? - s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u00a0WC-Co cacbua vonfram c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf duy nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n cacbua vonfram (WC) c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng r\u1ea5t cao (ngo\u00e0i corundum ho\u1eb7c alumina) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 hi\u1ebfm khi b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao c\u1ee7a cacbua vonfram v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft cacbit vonfram \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa th\u00e9p t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao trong khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1eaft. L\u1ef1c c\u1eaft. Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gia c\u00f4ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Ng\u00e0y nay, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n WC-Co \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1ng ph\u1ee7, v\u00ec v\u1eady vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ma tr\u1eadn d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u00edt quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u00f4 \u0111un \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i cao c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u WC-Co (th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, m\u00f4 \u0111un nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a WC-Co g\u1ea5p kho\u1ea3ng ba l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao) cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng cho l\u1edbp \u00e1o. Ma tr\u1eadn WC-Co c\u0169ng cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u WC-Co, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4 khi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ed9t cacbua vonfram. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh phay ban \u0111\u1ea7u.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh xay x\u00e1t cho cacbua vonfram l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0B\u1ed9t cacbua vonfram thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ea5m cacbon b\u1ed9t vonfram (W). C\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9t cacbua vonfram, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9t vonfram th\u00f4 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian cacbon h\u00f3a. Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i (g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft l\u00e0 6.13% theo tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng). \u0110\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng quy tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp theo, m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf vanadi v\u00e0 \/ ho\u1eb7c crom c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u1eed l\u00fd cacbon. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n quy tr\u00ecnh h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng x\u1eed l\u00fd cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t cacbua vonfram c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vanadi v\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng crom, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 trong s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9t cacbua vonfram kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Khi b\u1ed9t cacbua vonfram \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec1n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9t cacbua vonfram nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c nhau. H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng coban \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 3% \u0111\u1ebfn 25% theo tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 niken v\u00e0 crom \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5. Ngo\u00e0i ra, li\u00ean k\u1ebft kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n n\u1eefa b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p kim kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung niobi v\u00e0o cacbua vonfram WC-Co c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. T\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai c\u1ee7a cacbua vonfram, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t cacbua vonfram c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, nh\u01b0ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u00eau k\u1ebft, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a cacbit vonfram ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. T\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u00eau k\u1ebft, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t cacbua vonfram \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 l\u1edbn l\u00ean b\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00f2a tan v\u00e0 t\u00e1i k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u00eau k\u1ebft th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c, li\u00ean k\u1ebft kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ecfng (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi\u00eau k\u1ebft pha l\u1ecfng). T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t cacbua vonfram c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam c\u00e1c cacbua kim lo\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp kh\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m cacbua vanadi (VC), cacbua crom (Cr3C2), cacbua titan (TiC), cacbua tantali (TaC) v\u00e0 cacbua niobi (NbC). C\u00e1c cacbua kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ed9n v\u00e0 xay b\u1ed9t cacbua vonfram c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh kim lo\u1ea1i, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 cacbua vanadi v\u00e0 crom cacbua c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh khi cacbon h\u00f3a b\u1ed9t cacbua vonfram.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Grades of tungsten carbide powder can also be produced from recycled solid carbide materials. The recycling and reuse of used tungsten carbide has a long history in the tungsten carbide industry and is an important part of the industry’s entire economic chain, helping to reduce material costs, conserve natural resources and avoid waste materials. Harmful disposal. Waste tungsten carbide can generally be reused by APT (ammonium paratungstate) process, zinc recovery process or by pulverization. These “recycled” tungsten carbide powders generally have better, predictable densification because their surface area is smaller than tungsten carbide powder made directly from the tungsten carburizing process.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed9n b\u1ed9t cacbua vonfram v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft kim lo\u1ea1i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh quan tr\u1ecdng. Hai k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt phay ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 phay bi v\u00e0 phay si\u00eau m\u1ecbn. C\u1ea3 hai quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ed9t sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t. \u0110\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e9p c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ho\u1eb7c r\u00f4 b\u1ed1t l\u1ea5y ph\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n th\u00eam ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh h\u1eefu c\u01a1 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh phay. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e9p. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, n\u00ean th\u00eam ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e9p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee9ng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Sau khi xay xong, b\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phun kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i ch\u1ea3y t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft d\u00ednh b\u1edfi ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh h\u1eefu c\u01a1. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh h\u1eefu c\u01a1, \u0111\u1ed9 l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t th\u00f4 h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ecbn h\u01a1n, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh th\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea1p v\u00e0o khoang khu\u00f4n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00f4i cacbua vonfram l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Carbide workpieces can be formed by a variety of processes. Depending on the size of the workpiece, the level of shape complexity, and the production lot size, most cutting inserts are molded using a top and bottom pressure rigid mold. In order to maintain the consistency of the weight and size of the workpiece at each press, it is necessary to ensure that the amount of powder (mass and volume) flowing into the cavity is exactly the same. The fluidity of the powder is mainly controlled by the size distribution of the agglomerates and the characteristics of the organic binder. A molded workpiece (or “blank”) can be formed by applying a molding pressure of 10-80 ksi (kilopounds per square foot) to the powder loaded into the cavity.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Even at extremely high molding pressures, the hard tungsten carbide particles are not deformed or broken, and the organic binder is pressed into the gap between the tungsten carbide particles, thereby functioning to fix the particle position. The higher the pressure, the tighter the bond of the tungsten carbide particles and the greater the compaction density of the workpiece. The molding properties of the graded tungsten carbide powder may vary, depending on the amount of metal binder, the size and shape of the tungsten carbide particles, the extent to which the agglomerates are formed, and the composition and amount of organic binder. In order to provide quantitative information on the pressing characteristics of the grade of tungsten carbide powder, it is usually designed by the powder manufacturer to establish the correspondence between the molding density and the molding pressure. This information ensures that the supplied powder is in line with the toolmaker’s molding process.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Ph\u00f4i cacbua k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c ph\u00f4i cacbua c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 khung h\u00ecnh cao (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n cu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 chu\u00f4i m\u0169i khoan) th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e9p \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t b\u1ed9t cacbua vonfram trong m\u1ed9t t\u00fai d\u1ebbo. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 chu k\u1ef3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u00e9p c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng d\u00e0i h\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u00e9p khu\u00f4n nh\u01b0ng chi ph\u00ed ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, do \u0111\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c n\u1ea1p b\u1ed9t v\u00e0o t\u00fai v\u00e0 h\u00e0n k\u00edn mi\u1ec7ng t\u00fai, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00fai ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1ed9t v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t khoang v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u00e1p su\u1ea5t 30-60 ksi b\u1eb1ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e9p. Ph\u00f4i \u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u00f4ng theo h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nung k\u1ebft. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a bao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 co r\u00fat c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7m n\u00e9n v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ee7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho ph\u00e9p cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0i. V\u00ec ph\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd sau khi \u00e9p t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a ph\u00ed kh\u00f4ng nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fac, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9t tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i t\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 nhau. N\u1ebfu m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf, b\u1ed9t n\u1ea1p v\u00e0o bao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00f4i nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. N\u1ebfu m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn, b\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea1p v\u00e0o bao qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, ph\u00f4i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9t h\u01a1n sau khi \u00e9p t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf b\u1ed9t th\u1eeba v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u1ee5n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0C\u00e1c ph\u00f4i cacbua c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e9p \u0111\u00f9n ho\u1eb7c \u00e9p phun. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e9p \u0111\u00f9n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t ph\u00f4i c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng, trong khi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e9p phun th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t ph\u00f4i c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Trong c\u1ea3 hai qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fac, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9t cacbua vonfram \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01a1 l\u1eedng trong m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh h\u1eefu c\u01a1 mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p cacbua vonfram gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 kem \u0111\u00e1nh r\u0103ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f9n qua l\u1ed7 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fac v\u00e0o khoang khu\u00f4n. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9t cacbua vonfram x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9t v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p qua l\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f9n ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0o khoang khu\u00f4n.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Sau khi ph\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fac, \u00e9p c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, \u00e9p \u0111\u00f9n ho\u1eb7c \u00e9p phun, ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u1ecfi ph\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1edbc giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u00eau k\u1ebft cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u00eau k\u1ebft lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 ch\u00e2n l\u00f4ng trong ph\u00f4i, l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n (ho\u1eb7c v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n). T\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u00eau k\u1ebft, li\u00ean k\u1ebft kim lo\u1ea1i trong ph\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb m\u00e1y \u00e9p s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, nh\u01b0ng ph\u00f4i v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c mao d\u1eabn v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Sau khi thi\u00eau k\u1ebft, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc thu nh\u1ecf l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00f4i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sau khi thi\u00eau k\u1ebft, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 co r\u00fat c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5. Khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9t cacbua vonfram d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u1eebng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 co ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c khi \u00e9p d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, ph\u00f4i thi\u00eau k\u1ebft c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 cacbua tr\u1ed1ng<\/a> c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sau thi\u00eau k\u1ebft. C\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft l\u00e0 m\u00e0i l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u1eaft. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sau khi thi\u00eau k\u1ebft. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00e0i m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00e0i ngo\u1ea1i vi (c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0i l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u1eaft). T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5n m\u00e0i m\u00f2n cacbua t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ph\u00f4i c\u1ee7a cacbua vonfram?<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1ng. L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eddn v\u00e0 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n cho l\u1edbp n\u1ec1n gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Ma tr\u1eadn cacbua vonfram r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7. Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9t ma tr\u1eadn t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i quy tr\u00ecnh thi\u00eau k\u1ebft. Th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a coban, nhi\u1ec1u coban c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u h\u01a1n \u1edf l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u1eaft v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y 20-30 \u03bcm so v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i, do \u0111\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho l\u1edbp b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u1eed s\u00e1p, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gia nhi\u1ec7t, th\u1eddi gian thi\u00eau k\u1ebft, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5m cacbon) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9t cacbua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u00eau k\u1ebft ph\u00f4i trong l\u00f2 ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng, trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00f2 thi\u00eau k\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb3ng nhi\u1ec7t n\u00f3ng (HIP) (t\u1ea1o \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cho ph\u00f4i \u1edf g\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i chu tr\u00ecnh quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u1eb7n). Ham m\u00ea). Ph\u00f4i thi\u00eau k\u1ebft trong l\u00f2 ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e9p \u0111\u1eb3ng nhi\u1ec7t n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f4i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thi\u00eau k\u1ebft ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 thi\u00eau k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng coban th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4 tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00f4. \u0110\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t m\u1ecbn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9t c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t cacbua vonfram nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eed s\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5m cacbon c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9t cacbua vonfram.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 cacbua vonfram \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u00eau k\u1ebft. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo \u0111\u00fang c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5. Quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh b\u1ed9t cacbua vonfram c\u1ea5p t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh. Do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m lo\u1ea1i cacbua kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ATI Alldyne s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u01a1n 600 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9t kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i cacbua vonfram l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u00a0\u00a0S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9t cacbua vonfram, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh kim lo\u1ea1i, lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ea1t, v.v., t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i cacbua. C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a cacbua vonfram. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p cacbua.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Hai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i gia c\u00f4ng cacbua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gia c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p C v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p ISO. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u1ea3 hai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea5p cacbua, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cacbua kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0C\u00e1c l\u1edbp cacbua c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i cacbua vonfram (WC) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ba lo\u1ea1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, vi tinh th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m cacbua vonfram v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh coban, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t. Lo\u1ea1i vi tinh th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m cacbua vonfram v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh coban v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n ngh\u00ecn cacbua vanadi (VC) v\u00e0 \/ ho\u1eb7c cacbua crom (Cr3C2) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o, v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 1 \u03bcm. L\u1edbp h\u1ee3p kim bao g\u1ed3m cacbua vonfram v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh coban ch\u1ee9a v\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m cacbua titan (TiC), cacbua tantali (TaC) v\u00e0 cacbua niobi (NbC). C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia n\u00e0y c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 cacbua kh\u1ed1i v\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thi\u00eau k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ba pha kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(1) C\u1ea5p cacbua \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span><\/h5>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft kim lo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a 3%-12% coban (theo tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng). K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t cacbua vonfram th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng 1-8 \u03bcm. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c, vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a cacbua vonfram l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ee9t ngang (TRS), nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng HRA 89-93,5; c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y ngang th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng 175-350 ksi. Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0C\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh C1-C4 trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p C v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo lo\u1ea1t c\u1ea5p K, N, S v\u00e0 H trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p ISO. C\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh trung gian c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u1ea5p chung (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 C2 ho\u1eb7c K20) \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ec7n, phay, b\u00e0o v\u00e0 doa; C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng coban th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u1ea5p ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 C4 ho\u1eb7c K01); C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t l\u1edbn h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng coban cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 dai t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i th\u00f4 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 C1 ho\u1eb7c K30).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft gang, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 d\u00f2ng 200 v\u00e0 300, nh\u00f4m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c, si\u00eau h\u1ee3p kim v\u00e0 th\u00e9p c\u1ee9ng. C\u00e1c c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1eaft phi kim lo\u1ea1i (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 khoan \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t) v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t t\u1eeb 1,5 \u0111\u1ebfn 10 \u03bcm (ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n) v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p coban t\u1eeb 6% \u0111\u1ebfn 16%. M\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u c\u1eaft phi kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p cacbua \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t khu\u00f4n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9t l\u1ed7. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u1ee1 h\u1ea1t c\u1ee1 trung b\u00ecnh v\u1edbi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng coban l\u00e0 16%-30%.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(2) Lo\u1ea1i cacbua vi tinh th\u1ec3<\/span><\/h5>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a coban 6%-15%. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u00eau k\u1ebft pha l\u1ecfng, cacbua vanadi v\u00e0 \/ ho\u1eb7c cacbit crom \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t, do \u0111\u00f3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ea1t m\u1ecbn c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 1 \u03bcm. Lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t m\u1ecbn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng r\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ee9t ngang t\u1eeb 500 ksi tr\u1edf l\u00ean. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 g\u00f3c c\u00e0o d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m l\u1ef1c c\u1eaft v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra phoi m\u1ecfng h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u1eaft ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea9y kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 kh\u00e1c nhau trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9t cacbua vonfram v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u00eau k\u1ebft, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t l\u1edbn b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, b\u1ed9t t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u1ebfu nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thu h\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0C\u00e1c c\u1ea5p vi tinh th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo lo\u1ea1t c\u1ea5p M trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p ISO. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 C v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ISO c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. C\u00e1c l\u1edbp vi tinh th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00f4i m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n v\u00ec b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t m\u1ecbn v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u1eaft c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 s\u1eafc b\u00e9n.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0C\u00e1c l\u1edbp vi tinh th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gia c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c si\u00eau h\u1ee3p kim d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean niken v\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1eaft l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 1200 \u00b0 C. \u0110\u1ec3 gia c\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p kim \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p h\u1ea1t vi m\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ng men c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n, ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i vi tinh th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 quay (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u0169i khoan) t\u1ea1o ra \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t c\u1eaft. M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i m\u0169i khoan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng lo\u1ea1i composite cacbua vonfram. H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng coban c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u trong ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u0169i khoan l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai c\u1ee7a m\u0169i khoan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a t\u00f9y theo nhu c\u1ea7u gia c\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(3) Lo\u1ea1i cacbua h\u1ee3p kim<\/span><\/h5>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng coban l\u00e0 5%-10% v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t t\u1eeb 0,8-2 \u03bcm. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam 4% \u0111\u1ebfn 25% c\u1ee7a titan cacbua (TiC), xu h\u01b0\u1edbng khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n cacbua vonfram (WC) l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt. \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n mi\u1ec7ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng s\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 25% tantali cacbua (TaC) v\u00e0 niobi cacbua (NbC). Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c cacbua kh\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u0169ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecf c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1eaft kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c gia c\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u1eaft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Ngo\u00e0i ra, cacbua titan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1ea1o m\u1ea7m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u00eau k\u1ebft, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 cacbua kh\u1ed1i trong ph\u00f4i.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0N\u00f3i chung, c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p cacbua ki\u1ec3u h\u1ee3p kim c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng HRA91-94 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ee9t ngang 150-300 ksi. So v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p kim c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu m\u00e0i m\u00f2n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n th\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c c\u1ea5p h\u1ee3p kim c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh C5-C8 trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p C v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo lo\u1ea1t c\u1ea5p P v\u00e0 M trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p ISO. C\u00e1c c\u1ea5p h\u1ee3p kim v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh trung gian c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p chung (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: C6 ho\u1eb7c P30) \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ec7n, tar\u00f4, b\u00e0o v\u00e0 phay. C\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1t (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 C8 v\u00e0 P01) \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng coban th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n mong mu\u1ed1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u cacbua kh\u1ed1i h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c c\u1ea5p b\u1ec1n nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u1ea5p th\u00f4 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 C5 ho\u1eb7c P50). C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t c\u1ee1 trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng coban cao, v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbua kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 dai mong mu\u1ed1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 lan truy\u1ec1n v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ec7n b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1eaft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n n\u1eefa b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lo\u1ea1i gi\u00e0u coban c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng coban cao h\u01a1n tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a dao c\u1eaft.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p kim c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbua titan th\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gia c\u00f4ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 v\u00e0 gang d\u1ec5 u\u1ed1n, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gia c\u00f4ng kim lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0u (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 si\u00eau h\u1ee3p kim niken). C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 1 \u03bcm v\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng coban t\u1eeb 8% \u0111\u1ebfn 12%. C\u00e1c c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao h\u01a1n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 M10) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ec7n gang d\u1ebbo; C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 M40) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 phay v\u00e0 b\u00e0o th\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ec7n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ho\u1eb7c th\u00e9p si\u00eau h\u1ee3p kim.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Lo\u1ea1i cacbua h\u1ee3p kim c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1eaft phi kim lo\u1ea1i, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u1ecbu m\u00e0i m\u00f2n. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t 1,2-2 \u03bcm v\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng coban l\u00e0 7%-10%. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1edbn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed cao h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn hao m\u00f2n. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn m\u00f2n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam niken v\u00e0 crom cacbua khi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0In order to meet the technical and economic requirements of tool manufacturers, tungsten carbide powder is a key element. Powders designed for toolmakers’ processing equipment and process parameters ensure the performance of the finished part and result in hundreds of carbide grades. The recyclable nature of carbide materials and the ability to work directly with powder suppliers allows tool manufacturers to effectively control their product quality and material costs.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft cacbua Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ti\u1ec7n, phay v\u00e0 khoan t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m<\/p>\n