{"id":1822,"date":"2019-05-22T02:48:07","date_gmt":"2019-05-22T02:48:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/single-post-6-types-of-tool-materials-you-can-choose-from\/"},"modified":"2020-05-04T13:12:03","modified_gmt":"2020-05-04T13:12:03","slug":"6-types-of-tool-materials-you-can-choose-from","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/6-loai-cong-cu-vat-lieu-ban-co-the-lua-chon-tu\/","title":{"rendered":"5 lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"vgblk-rw-wrapper limit-wrapper\">Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb gia c\u00f4ng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy h\u1ebft t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf t\u1ed1t. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd, c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1eaft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1edbi kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. H\u00f4m nay ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m dao c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a dao, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gia c\u00f4ng, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh gia c\u00f4ng. D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, ma s\u00e1t, va \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng khi c\u1eaft. Do \u0111\u00f3, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n sau:<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n. \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00f4i, th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u00ean 60HRC. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u00e0ng cao th\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n<p>(2) S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai cao \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1c c\u1eaft, ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 rung l\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 g\u00e3y gi\u00f2n v\u00e0 s\u1ee9t m\u1ebb c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5.<\/p>\n<p>(3) Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t. Ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t, ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1eaft cao, ch\u1ed1ng oxi h\u00f3a t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n<p>(4) Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u00ednh kinh t\u1ebf. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t r\u00e8n t\u1ed1t, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u00e0n, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u00e0i, v.v., theo \u0111u\u1ed5i hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u00e1 cao.<\/p>\n<h2><strong><b>v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/b><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5<\/p>\n<p>Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ee7a carbon, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee9ng nh\u1ea5t t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t cao, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong gia c\u00f4ng kim lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0u v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u phi kim lo\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong gia c\u00f4ng nh\u00f4m v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim silic-nh\u00f4m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft ch\u00ednh. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cao v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd cao l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong gia c\u00f4ng CNC hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/li>\n<li>M\u00e1y c\u1eaft kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean: Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft trong h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m. M\u00e1y c\u1eaft kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01a1n tinh th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0i m\u1ecbn, v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0i s\u1eafc n\u00e9t. B\u00e1n k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u1eaft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 0,002\u03bcm, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1eaft si\u00eau m\u1ecfng. \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ef1c cao c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 gia c\u00f4ng si\u00eau ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf.<\/li>\n<li>D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng PCD: kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n, kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u1eaft ho\u1eb7c kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111a tinh th\u1ec3 (PCD). T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111a tinh th\u1ec3 (Polycrystauinediamond, PCD blade) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng sau c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao. Trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111a tinh th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. Ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u PCD r\u1ea5t d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng 1\/10 \u0111\u1ebfn 1\/10 so v\u1edbi kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>M\u00e1y c\u1eaft PCD kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u00e0i c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 s\u1eafc n\u00e9t, v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i gia c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t b\u1eb1ng kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u1ea1t dao PCD v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip trong ng\u00e0nh. V\u00ec v\u1eady, PCD ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft m\u1ecbn kim lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0u v\u00e0 phi kim lo\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1eaft g\u01b0\u01a1ng si\u00eau ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng CVD: T\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng CVD \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng CVD \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a m\u00e0ng kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 cacbua xi m\u0103ng, g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9, v.v.) b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng h\u01a1i h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc (CVD). Vi\u00ean kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng CVD c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng CVD r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01a1n tinh th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111a tinh th\u1ec3 (PCD), v\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n<h3>(2) \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n c\u1ef1c cao: Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee9ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n r\u1ea5t cao. Khi gia c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ea5p 10 \u0111\u1ebfn 100 l\u1ea7n, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1ng xi m\u0103ng.<\/li>\n<li>c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma s\u00e1t r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p: h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma s\u00e1t gi\u1eefa kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kim lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0u th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c, h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma s\u00e1t th\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m l\u1ef1c c\u1eaft.<\/li>\n<li>L\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u1eaft r\u1ea5t s\u1eafc b\u00e9n: l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u1eaft c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0i s\u1eafc n\u00e9t, v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01a1n tinh th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cao t\u1edbi 0,002 ~ 0,008\u03bcm \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft si\u00eau m\u1ecfng v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng si\u00eau ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li>N\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t cao: kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t cao, nhi\u1ec7t c\u1eaft d\u1ec5 ti\u00eau t\u00e1n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1eaft c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n<li>c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea5p: kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi cacbua xi m\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 do nhi\u1ec7t c\u1eaft g\u00e2y ra l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gia c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 si\u00eau ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc cao s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>(3) \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/h3>\n<p>D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft m\u1ecbn v\u00e0 doa c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kim lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0u v\u00e0 phi kim lo\u1ea1i \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 gia c\u00f4ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i phi kim lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ecbu m\u00e0i m\u00f2n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9t luy\u1ec7n kim lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9t FRP tr\u1ed1ng, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u g\u1ed1m, vv; c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0u ch\u1ecbu m\u00e0i m\u00f2n kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 h\u1ee3p kim nh\u00f4m-silicon kh\u00e1c nhau; ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n kim lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y c\u1eaft kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t k\u00e9m. Khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1eaft v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 700 \u00b0 C ~ 800 \u00b0 C, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng; Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111en, v\u00ec kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng (cacbon) d\u1ec5 luy\u1ec7n s\u1eaft \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng chuy\u1ec3n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon th\u00e0nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac graphit, v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 d\u1ec5 v\u1ee1.<\/p>\n<h2><strong><b>v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 boron nitride kh\u1ed1i<\/b><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u si\u00eau c\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 hai, boron nitride kh\u1ed1i (CBN), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee9ng sau kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn 10.000 C trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. Kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxi h\u00f3a. CBN c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111en v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00e9p.<\/p>\n<h3>(1) C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 nitrua bo kh\u1ed1i<\/h3>\n<p>Nitrua bo kh\u1ed1i (CBN) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111a tinh th\u1ec3, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 CBN \u0111\u01a1n tinh th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 boron nitride kh\u1ed1i \u0111a tinh th\u1ec3 (PCBN). CBN l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ee7a bo nitrua (BN) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n<p>PCBN (polycrystalline boron nitride) l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111a tinh th\u1ec3 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u CBN m\u1ecbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u00eau k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau th\u00f4ng qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n li\u00ean k\u1ebft (TiC, TiN, Al, Ti, v.v.) d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 si\u00eau c\u1ee9ng. PCBN ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 PCBN c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ch\u00e8n PCBN nguy\u00ean kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ch\u00e8n h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p PCBN thi\u00eau k\u1ebft v\u1edbi cacbua xi m\u0103ng.<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0\u1ee1i composite PCBN \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nung k\u1ebft m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp PCBN d\u00e0y t\u1eeb O.5 ~ 1.0mm tr\u00ean cacbua xi m\u0103ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai t\u1ed1t. Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n. N\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n u\u1ed1n th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 h\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ch\u00e8n CBN.<\/p>\n<h3>(2) T\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nitrit bo kh\u1ed1i<\/h3>\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a nitrua bo kh\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao kh\u00e1c. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a CBN l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t cao h\u01a1n kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 1200 \u00b0 C (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 300-800 \u00b0 C). M\u1ed9t \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 n\u00f3 tr\u01a1 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi s\u1eaft \u1edf 1200-1300 \u00b0 C. s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nitrit bo kh\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 sau.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>a\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao: C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 CBN t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng. PCBN \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 gia c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t cao: Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a CBN c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 1400 ~ 1500 \u00b0 C, cao h\u01a1n g\u1ea7n l l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng (700 ~ 800 \u00b0 C). C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 PCBN c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eaft c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p kim nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 th\u00e9p c\u1ee9ng \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao nhanh h\u01a1n t\u1eeb 3 \u0111\u1ebfn 5 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 cacbua xi m\u0103ng.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi: N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m t\u1eeb s\u1eaft l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 1200-1300 \u00b0 C. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n s\u1eafc n\u00e9t nh\u01b0 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a cacbua xi m\u0103ng. M\u00e1y c\u1eaft PCBN th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft th\u00e9p c\u1ee9ng. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 gang l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft gang t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t: m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a CBN kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 theo k\u1ecbp kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a PCBN trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee9ng sau kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng, cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00f3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma s\u00e1t th\u1ea5p: h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma s\u00e1t th\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m l\u1ef1c c\u1eaft trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1eaft, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1eaft th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>(3) \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 boron nitride kh\u1ed1i:<\/h3>\n<p>Nitrua bo kh\u1ed1i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f3 c\u1eaft nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p c\u1ee9ng, gang c\u1ee9ng, si\u00eau h\u1ee3p kim, h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u phun b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi IT5 (l\u1ed7 l\u00e0 IT6) v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Ra1,25 ~ 0,20\u03bcm.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nitrua boron kh\u1ed1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n u\u1ed1n k\u00e9m. Do \u0111\u00f3, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ti\u1ec7n nitrua bo kh\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 gia c\u00f4ng th\u00f4 v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng va \u0111\u1eadp l\u1edbn; \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u1ef1a (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 h\u1ee3p kim nh\u00f4m, h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u1ed3ng, h\u1ee3p kim niken, th\u00e9p l\u1edbn b\u1eb1ng nh\u1ef1a, v.v.) v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh t\u00edch t\u1ee5 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m x\u1ea5u \u0111i \u0111\u1ed3 gia c\u00f4ng. m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n<h2><strong><b>v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 g\u1ed1m<\/b><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Ceramic knives have the characteristics of high hardness, good wear resistance, excellent heat resistance and chemical stability, and are not easy to bond with metals. Ceramic tools play an important role in CNC machining. Ceramic tools have become one of the main tools for high-speed cutting and difficult machining of materials. Ceramic tools are widely used in high-speed cutting, dry cutting, hard cutting, and machining of difficult-to-machine materials. Ceramic tools can efficiently process high-hard materials that traditional tools can&#8217;t process at all, and achieve \u201ccar grinding\u201d; the optimal cutting speed of ceramic tools can be 2~10 times higher than that of hard alloy tools, which greatly improves the efficiency of cutting processing. The main raw material used in ceramic tool materials is the most abundant elements in the earth&#8217;s crust. Therefore, the promotion and application of ceramic tools is of great significance for improving productivity, reducing processing costs, and saving strategic precious metals. It will also greatly promote cutting technology. progress.<\/p>\n<h3>(1) C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 g\u1ed1m<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 g\u1ed1m n\u00f3i chung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ba lo\u1ea1i: g\u1ed1m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u00f4m, g\u1ed1m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean silicon nitride v\u00e0 g\u1ed1m composite silicon nitride-alumina. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 g\u1ed1m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean alumina v\u00e0 silicon nitride \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t. G\u1ed1m l\u00e0m t\u1eeb silic nitrua cao h\u01a1n g\u1ed1m l\u00e0m t\u1eeb nh\u00f4m.<\/p>\n<h3>(2) Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 g\u1ed1m<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 g\u1ed1m nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t: M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng cao b\u1eb1ng PCD v\u00e0 PCBN nh\u01b0ng cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, \u0111\u1ea1t 93-95HRA. D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 g\u1ed1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gia c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao kh\u00f3 gia c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 c\u1eaft c\u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t: D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed1m v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eaft \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ean 1200 \u00b0 C. D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed1m c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t. D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 g\u1ed1m A12O3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng oxi h\u00f3a c\u1ef1c t\u1ed1t, c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh c\u1eaft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ecf. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 g\u1ed1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1eaft kh\u00f4, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng c\u1eaft.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t: d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f2n li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5.<\/li>\n<li>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma s\u00e1t th\u1ea5p: d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 g\u1ed1m c\u00f3 \u00e1i l\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma s\u00e1t th\u1ea5p, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m l\u1ef1c c\u1eaft v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1eaft.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>(3) Dao g\u1ed1m c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n<p>G\u1ed1m s\u1ee9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u00e1n ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao. M\u00e1y c\u1eaft g\u1ed1m th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i gang (gang x\u00e1m, gang d\u1ebbo, gang d\u1ebbo, gang l\u1ea1nh, gang h\u1ee3p kim cao ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n) v\u00e0 th\u00e9p (th\u00e9p k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u cacbon, th\u00e9p k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u1ee3p kim, th\u00e9p c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao, cao th\u00e9p mangan, th\u00e9p c\u1ee9ng). V.v.) c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u1ed3ng, than ch\u00ec, nh\u1ef1a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 g\u1ed1m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n u\u1ed1n th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n va \u0111\u1eadp k\u00e9m, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng va \u0111\u1eadp.<\/p>\n<h2><strong><b>\u00a0v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ng<\/b><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Ph\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5. S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 l\u1edbn trong hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1eaft c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5. D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t. N\u00f3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u1edbi l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5. D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gia c\u00f4ng, t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c gia c\u00f4ng, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed gia c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>Kho\u1ea3ng 80% trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 CNC m\u1edbi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7. C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c gia c\u00f4ng CNC trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n<h3>(1) Lo\u1ea1i d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ng<\/h3>\n<p>T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ee7, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ng l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng h\u01a1i h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc (CVD) v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ng l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng h\u01a1i v\u1eadt l\u00fd (PVD). C\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 cacbua tr\u00e1ng xi m\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng h\u01a1i h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng kho\u1ea3ng 1000 \u00b0 C. C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u00e9p t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng h\u01a1i v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 500 \u00b0 C;<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ng, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ng cacbua, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ng th\u00e9p t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ng tr\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u g\u1ed1m v\u00e0 si\u00eau c\u1ee9ng (kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 nitrua bo kh\u1ed1i).<\/p>\n<p>Depending on the nature of the coating material, coated tools can be divided into two broad categories, namely \u201chard\u201d coated tools and &#8216;soft\u201d coated tools. The main goal pursued by \u201chard\u201d coated tools is high hardness and wear resistance. Sex, its main advantages are high hardness and good wear resistance, typically TiC and TiN coatings. The goal of \u201csoft\u201d coating tools is low friction coefficient, also known as self-lubricating tool, which rubs against the workpiece material. The coefficient is very low, only about 0.1, which can reduce bonding, reduce friction, reduce cutting force and cutting temperature.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb nano g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ee7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee7 (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 kim lo\u1ea1i \/ kim lo\u1ea1i, kim lo\u1ea1i \/ g\u1ed1m, g\u1ed1m \/ g\u1ed1m, v.v.) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau. L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 nano \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t cho ph\u00e9p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng ma s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft kh\u00f4 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n<h3>(2) \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ng<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u1eaft:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ee7 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee7, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee7 th\u1ea5p. H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma s\u00e1t. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1ng ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft nhanh h\u01a1n g\u1ea5p hai l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ea1p li\u1ec7u cao h\u01a1n. Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. M\u1ed9t d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean khi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 t\u0103ng l\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng khi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e3o h\u00f2a, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Khi l\u1edbp s\u01a1n ph\u1ee7 qu\u00e1 d\u00e0y, d\u1ec5 x\u1ea3y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng bong tr\u00f3c; khi l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 qu\u00e1 m\u1ecfng, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>K\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>L\u01b0\u1ee1i ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m b\u1ea9n k\u00e9m, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u quy tr\u00ecnh cao v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ee7 d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee7:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee7 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1eaft kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 TiC c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf h\u01a1n khi c\u1eaft \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p; TiN th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n<h3>(3) \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ng<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng l\u1edbn trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c gia c\u00f4ng CNC v\u00e0 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c gia c\u00f4ng CNC trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u01a1n ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n cu\u1ed1i, m\u00e1y doa, m\u00e1y khoan, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 gia c\u00f4ng l\u1ed7 composite, b\u1ebfp b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng, m\u00e1y c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng, m\u00e1y c\u1eaft c\u1ea1o, m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u00e8n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c k\u1eb9p m\u00e1y kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1eaft t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao. S\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p v\u00e0 gang, h\u1ee3p kim ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0u.<\/p>\n<h2><strong><b>\u00a0v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 cacbua xi m\u0103ng<\/b><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 cacbua, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 cacbua c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c, l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 gia c\u00f4ng CNC. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i dao ho\u1eb7c h\u1ea1t dao cacbua t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng sang l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft, c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 cacbit c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 dao phay m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<h3>(1) C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 cacbua xi m\u0103ng<\/h3>\n<p>Theo th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh, cacbua xi m\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean cacbua vonfram v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean cacbon (titan nitrit) (TiC (N)).<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean cacbua vonfram bao g\u1ed3m vonfram-coban (YG), vonfram-coban-titan (YT) v\u00e0 cacbit lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ebfm (YW), m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u01b0u v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 cacbua vonfram (WC) v\u00e0 cacbit titan. (TiC), tantali cacbua (TaC), niobi cacbua (NbC), v.v., pha li\u00ean k\u1ebft kim lo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 Co.<\/p>\n<p>Cacbua xi m\u0103ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean cacbon (nit\u01a1) titan l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a TiC l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh (m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o c\u00e1c cacbua ho\u1eb7c nitrit kh\u00e1c), v\u00e0 c\u00e1c pha li\u00ean k\u1ebft kim lo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 Mo v\u00e0 Ni.<\/p>\n<p>ISO (T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf) ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i cacbua c\u1eaft th\u00e0nh ba lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n<p>K class, including Kl0 ~ K40, is equivalent to China&#8217;s YG class (the main component is WC.Co).<\/p>\n<p>L\u1edbp P, bao g\u1ed3m P01 \u0111\u1ebfn P50, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi YT \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c (th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 WC.TiC.Co).<\/p>\n<p>L\u1edbp M, bao g\u1ed3m M10 \u0111\u1ebfn M40, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi YW \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c (th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 WC-TiC-TaC (NbC) -Co).<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed7i c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p kim t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai t\u1ed1i \u0111a, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb 01 \u0111\u1ebfn 50.<\/p>\n<h3>(2) \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 cacbua xi m\u0103ng<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 cacbua xi m\u0103ng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 cacbua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng cacbua (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 pha c\u1ee9ng) v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh kim lo\u1ea1i (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 pha ngo\u1ea1i quan) c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y cao b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p luy\u1ec7n kim b\u1ed9t, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 89-93 HRA. N\u00f3 cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao. \u1ede 5400C, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t 82-87HRA, b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng (83-86HRA). Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a cacbua xi m\u0103ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a pha k\u1ebft d\u00ednh kim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a cacbit, v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3m khi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a pha kim lo\u1ea1i k\u1ebft d\u00ednh t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Khi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a pha ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh nh\u01b0 nhau, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim g\u1ed1c YT cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim g\u1ed1c YG v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim m\u00e0 TaC (NbC) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh u\u1ed1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n u\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a cacbua xim\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng 900-1500 MPa. H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng pha li\u00ean k\u1ebft kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng cao th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n u\u1ed1n c\u00e0ng cao. Khi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh nh\u01b0 nhau, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean YG (WC-Co) cao h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean YT (WC-TiC-Co) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3m khi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng TiC t\u0103ng . Cacbua xi m\u0103ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gi\u00f2n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 dai va \u0111\u1eadp c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng 1\/30 \u0111\u1ebfn 1\/8 so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 cacbua xi m\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>H\u1ee3p kim YG ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gia c\u00f4ng gang, kim lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0u v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u phi kim lo\u1ea1i. H\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t m\u1ecbn (nh\u01b0 YG3X, YG6X) c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n cao h\u01a1n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t trung b\u00ecnh khi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng coban nh\u01b0 nhau. N\u00f3 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 gia c\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gang c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Austenit, h\u1ee3p kim ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t, h\u1ee3p kim Titan, \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<p>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a cacbua xi m\u0103ng g\u1ed1c YT l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao, ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e9n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu YG cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng oxi h\u00f3a t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Do \u0111\u00f3, khi dao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n cao, n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng TiC cao. H\u1ee3p kim YT th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 gia c\u00f4ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u1ef1a nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 gia c\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p kim titan v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim nh\u00f4m silic.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ee3p kim YW c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim YG v\u00e0 YT v\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gia c\u00f4ng th\u00e9p v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng gang v\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0u. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p kim nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng coban m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gia c\u00f4ng th\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u1eaft gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>N\u00f3i chung, PCBN, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 g\u1ed1m, cacbua ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 cacbua d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean TiCN th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho gia c\u00f4ng CNC kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111en nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p; D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 PCD ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00e0u nh\u01b0 Al, Mg, Cu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Gia c\u00f4ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u phi kim lo\u1ea1i. B\u1ea3ng 3-3-2 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00f4i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 gia c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 tr\u00ean.<\/p><\/div>\n<p><!-- .vgblk-rw-wrapper --><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Advanced processing equipment and high-performance cutting tools can fully utilize its due performance and achieve good economic benefits. With the rapid development of tool materials, the physical, mechanical properties and cutting performance of various new tool materials have been greatly improved, and the application range has been continuously expanded. Today we will focus on how&#8230;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[79],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1822","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-materials-weekly"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1822","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1822"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1822\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1822"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1822"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1822"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}