{"id":1810,"date":"2019-05-22T02:48:07","date_gmt":"2019-05-22T02:48:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/single-post-micro-plastic-the-invisible-killer-that-harms-the-global-environment\/"},"modified":"2020-05-04T13:12:03","modified_gmt":"2020-05-04T13:12:03","slug":"micro-plastic-the-invisible-killer-that-harms-the-global-environment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/vi-nhua-thu-vo-hinh-sat-thu-gay-hai-moi-truong-toan-cau\/","title":{"rendered":"Micro-plastic, "k\u1ebb gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh" g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u"},"content":{"rendered":"
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A recent “Chinese takeaway is bringing a catastrophe to the world” suddenly burst into red, once again triggered people’s concern about plastic pollution. Although I don’t agree with some of the views on this article, the unexpected plastic pollution situation described in the section is worth pondering. It refers to plastic particles, which are the micro-plastics mentioned in this article.<\/div>\n
Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef vi nh\u1ef1a th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, tuy nhi\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t \u00edt v\u1ec1 n\u00f3. V\u1eady microplastic l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Tho\u1ea1t nh\u00ecn, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh th\u00e1i bi\u1ec3n. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2004 khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Anh c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5n nh\u1ef1a trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Khoa h\u1ecdc, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 vi nh\u1ef1a. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u vi nh\u1ef1a, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, khi\u1ebfn \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m vi nh\u1ef1a g\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/div>\n
N\u0103m 2014, t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i nh\u1ef1a bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong \u201cM\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u\u201d, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn vi nh\u1ef1a. T\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai n\u0103m 2015, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m vi nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o danh s\u00e1ch v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 hai trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u l\u1edbn c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 suy gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea7ng \u00f4z\u00f4n. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m vi nh\u1ef1a \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng.<\/div>\n
At present, there is no accurate definition of microplastics in academia, but it is generally considered that plastic fibers, particles or films with a particle size of less than 5 mm are microplastics. Many microplastics can reach micrometers or even nanometers, which are invisible to the naked eye. Therefore, it is also visually compared to “PM2.5” in the ocean.<\/div>\n

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Nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i vi nh\u1ef1a kh\u00e1c nhau (t\u1eeb b\u00e1o c\u00e1o: 95% c\u1ee7a Fulmars \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n B\u1eafc c\u00f3 nh\u1ef1a trong d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd)<\/div>\n
V\u1eady microplastic \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u?<\/div>\n
Theo ngu\u1ed3n tin, vi nh\u1ef1a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 vi nh\u1ef1a s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 vi nh\u1ef1a th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p. Vi nh\u1ef1a nguy\u00ean sinh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ea1ng h\u1ea1t nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3i ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n qua s\u00f4ng ng\u00f2i, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i, ... nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1t vi nh\u1ef1a c\u00f3 trong m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m, kem \u0111\u00e1nh r\u0103ng, s\u1eefa r\u1eeda m\u1eb7t, ... ho\u1eb7c h\u1ea1t nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t nh\u1ef1a l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/div>\n
N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn danh s\u00e1ch m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1ec7 sinh, c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a polyethylene, polyethylene oxy h\u00f3a, polyethylene terephthalate v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam vi nh\u1ef1a, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 microbeads trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p t\u1ea9y t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ebft tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9a h\u01a1n 300.000 h\u1ea1t. M\u00e1y gi\u1eb7t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 s\u1ee3i vi nh\u1ef1a khi gi\u1eb7t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea3i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, 1900 s\u1ee3i vi nh\u1ef1a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p. C\u00e1c vi s\u1ee3i n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch, v\u00e0 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda trong s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang s\u1ebd tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o s\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng. Phun s\u01a1n v\u00e0 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n l\u1ed1p xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t vi nh\u1ef1a.<\/div>\n
Vi nh\u1ef1a th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1edfi ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i nh\u1ef1a kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadt l\u00fd, h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5n nh\u1ef1a bi\u1ec3n, du l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3n, ngh\u1ec1 c\u00e1 bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n nh\u01b0 v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 d\u00e0n khoan ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i.<\/div>\n

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M\u00e1y gi\u1eb7t x\u1ea3 s\u1ee3i nh\u1ef1a ra kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i (\u1ea3nh theo Guardian c\u1ee7a Anh)<\/div>\n
Micro-plastics are eroding our earth’s ecological environment with lightning speed.<\/div>\n
Since Becker invented the phenolic resin in 1907, the use of plastics has been more than a hundred years old. Plastics have brought great convenience to people’s lives, but they have also caused severe environmental problems due to their intractable treatment. A significant amount of waste plastic on land pollutes mountains and rivers, resulting in \u201cwhite pollution,\u201d and the ocean is also the hardest hit by plastic pollution. According to statistics, more than 8 million tons of plastics are abandoned in the sea each year, accounting for 80% of marine debris, which seriously threatens the marine ecosystem. These plastic wastes will form numerous microplastic granules over time. According to Marcus Eriksen of the Five Gyres Institute in 2014, there are at least 5.25 trillion plastic fragments in the global ocean, which may weigh about 269,000 tons.<\/div>\n
Microplastics are commonly found in surface seawater, seabeds, sediments and beaches, and even in the most remote polar glaciers and deep-sea sediments. Professor Takada Hideo and others from Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology in Japan found that the concentration of microplastics in the sediments of Tokyo Bay is much higher than that of seawater. At present, except for the large coastal distribution of the oceans in the North and South Pacific, the North Atlantic Ocean, and the Indian Ocean, traces of microplastics are found in the Antarctic and the Arctic. An article was published in the scientific journal “The Future of the Earth”, which found that there are as many as 240 microplastic particles per cubic meter of Arctic sea ice. It can be said that microplastics have spread throughout the entire marine system.<\/div>\n

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Nh\u1ef1a th\u1ea3i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n (\u1ea3nh t\u1eeb m\u1ea1ng)<\/p>\n

Vi nh\u1ef1a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n trong \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng h\u1ea3i l\u01b0u, l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n, x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u1edf bi\u1ec3n, g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n. B\u1edfi v\u00ec vi nh\u1ef1a r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed g\u00e2y \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0103n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ph\u00f9 du trong \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1 l\u1edbn \u0103n c\u00e1 b\u00e9, c\u00e1 nh\u1ecf \u0103n t\u00f4m, v\u00e0 khi l\u1edbp chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n tr\u00f4i qua, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u00e0o chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Theo d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p Ch\u00e2u Phi, h\u01a1n 250 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong h\u1ec7 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n. M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00f9ng duy\u00ean h\u1ea3i Y\u00ean \u0110\u00e0i thu\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y vi nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf 90% trong s\u1ed1 h\u01a1n 20 m\u1eabu c\u00e1 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf cao. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n 1.800 m\u00e9t, c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n \u0111ang nh\u1ea5n ch\u00ecm vi nh\u1ef1a, cho th\u1ea5y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a vi nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa s\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/div>\n
Not only the ocean but also micro-plastics on the land have entered the food chain. In April of this year, Mexican scientist Esperanza Huerta discovered micro-plastics in the soil, in the cockroach, in the hen’s stool, and in the stomach. It may have originated from the decomposition of incinerated waste plastics. It was confirmed for the first time that micro-plastics had entered the terrestrial food chain. Recently, a US agency conducted more than 150 tap water tests on cities around the world. The results showed that 83% of tap water contained micro-plastics, indicating that terrestrial water sources were also affected by micro-plastics. It has also been reported at home and abroad that micro-plastics have been detected in products such as salt, sea salt, beer, and honey. Perhaps the contamination of microplastics is ubiquitous.<\/div>\n
Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, vi nh\u1ef1a c\u00f2n nguy h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/div>\n
M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n vi nh\u1ef1a c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u1ef1a, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea3i ra c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n. B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t vi nh\u1ef1a c\u0169ng nh\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m h\u1eefu c\u01a1 kh\u00f3 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y trong \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u, ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y, polychlorinated biphenyls, v.v., nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh th\u00e1i theo d\u00f2ng h\u1ea3i l\u01b0u. Vi nh\u1ef1a nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1ecb c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n nu\u1ed1t ch\u1eedng v\u00e0 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 trong c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt th\u1ee7y sinh, g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m cho sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m vi nh\u1ef1a trong \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbch v\u00e0 sinh s\u1ea3n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi h\u1ea1t nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t mang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang theo c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i ngo\u1ea1i lai v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m cho s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i bi\u1ec3n.<\/div>\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng lo ng\u1ea1i h\u01a1n n\u1eefa l\u00e0 vi nh\u1ef1a s\u1ebd \u0111i qua chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u1edf bi\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a vi nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 PM2.5, kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t vi nh\u1ef1a c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc si\u00eau nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 nano c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u1ebfu h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 vi nh\u1ef1a l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 S\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 suy \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a vi nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00eam.<\/div>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

B\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 c\u00e1 ch\u1ebft (\u1ea3nh tr\u00ean web)<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a vi nh\u1ef1a trong \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c.<\/div>\n
Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn vi nh\u1ef1a t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2014. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 2016, UNEP \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m vi nh\u1ef1a bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ven bi\u1ec3n t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc. v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n vi nh\u1ef1a bi\u1ec3n c\u00e0ng s\u1edbm c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 2017, H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta: K\u00eau g\u1ecdi H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d, k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia gi\u1ea3m vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m bi\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 vi nh\u1ef1a.<\/div>\n
H\u1ea1t nh\u1ef1a vi sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n vi nh\u1ef1a thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng microbeads trong m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m. Qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5m microbeads trong m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2015, Obama \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd \u201c\u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Pearl Waters\u201d, trong \u0111\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 2017, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0o c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a h\u1ea1t vi nh\u1ef1a. C\u1ea5m gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 2018. Canada, New Zealand v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/div>\n
T\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2014, \u00c1o, B\u1ec9, Luxembourg, H\u00e0 Lan v\u00e0 Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 ra tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 chung k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ea5m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng vi nh\u1ef1a trong c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 21 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2015, Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i M\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (Cosmetics Europe) \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00e0 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2020. V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 23 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m nay, \u1ee6y ban Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i cho s\u00e1u nh\u00f3m s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda trong EU Ecolabel, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao nh\u00e3n EU Ecolabel s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a h\u1ea1t nh\u1ef1a. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1 lu\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc EU. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m nay, V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh d\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5m vi nh\u1ef1a trong m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2018, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng microbeads b\u1eb1ng nh\u1ef1a trong c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/div>\n
As a cosmetics manufacturer, the world’s daily chemical giants such as Johnson & Johnson, Procter & Gamble, Unilever and Estee Lauder have all said that they will phase out plastic microbeads in personal care products. Except for Unilever, other estimates are still taking one to two years. In addition to limiting microbeads in the cosmetics sector, secondly, it is actively promoting the use of biodegradable plastics to reduce plastic pollution. As for other major initiatives to curb microplastics from the source, it seems that there are not many.<\/div>\n

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C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a Microsphere (h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u1eeb Internet)<\/p>\n

China is the world’s largest producer and consumer of plastics, and micro-plastic pollution poses a serious threat to China’s marine ecosystem. However, the relevant domestic research started late, and the appropriate monitoring technology is still not perfect. At present, the public does not know enough about micro-plastics and has insufficient understanding of its hazards. However, the Chinese government has paid attention to micro-plastic pollution and launched an action. Since 2007, China has started routine monitoring of marine debris, including plastic waste. Since 2016, China has begun monitoring micro-plastics in the offshore waters. For the first time this year, micro-plastics monitoring was carried out in the Arctic and the East Pacific.<\/div>\n
D\u1ef1 \u00e1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c gia quan tr\u1ecdng \u201cNghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t vi nh\u1ef1a bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh th\u00e1i\u201d c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u li\u00ean quan, v\u1edbi v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 16 tri\u1ec7u nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n t\u1ec7. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, \u201cTrung t\u00e2m Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i Bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 Vi nh\u1ef1a\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1ea1i Trung t\u00e2m Quan tr\u1eafc M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Bi\u1ec3n Qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t vi nh\u1ef1a. C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n k\u00eau g\u1ecdi nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ban h\u00e0nh lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u00ean quan c\u00e0ng s\u1edbm c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung vi h\u1ea1t v\u00e0o c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m vi nh\u1ef1a, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean v\u1eabn c\u00f2n k\u00e9m xa. V\u1eabn c\u1ea7n t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u00eam c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/div>\n
Micro-plastics, as an emerging source of pollution in the ocean and even the global environment, is insignificant and even traceless. However, they have unwittingly changed the sea and also the global ecological environment, causing great harm to the environment and affecting the safety of living things. Diversity ultimately poses a significant threat to human health. It is time to face the danger of micro-plastics! It is also hoped that all sectors of the community will work together to reduce plastic waste, curb the spread of micro-plastics, and maintain marine life including human beings’ own beautiful homes.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A recent “Chinese takeaway is bringing a catastrophe to the world” suddenly burst into red, once again triggered people’s concern about plastic pollution. Although I don’t agree with some of the views on this article, the unexpected plastic pollution situation described in the section is worth pondering. It refers to plastic particles, which are the…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[79],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1810","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-materials-weekly"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1810","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1810"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1810\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1810"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1810"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1810"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}