{"id":1701,"date":"2019-05-22T02:47:38","date_gmt":"2019-05-22T02:47:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/single-post-brief-introduction-to-the-new-quenching-process\/"},"modified":"2020-05-04T13:12:07","modified_gmt":"2020-05-04T13:12:07","slug":"brief-introduction-to-the-new-quenching-process","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/gioi-thieu-ngan-gon-ve-quy-trinh-dap-tat-moi\/","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 quy tr\u00ecnh d\u1eadp t\u1eaft m\u1edbi"},"content":{"rendered":"
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D\u1eadp t\u1eaft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i mactenxit (ho\u1eb7c bainit) d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 Ms ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea7n Ms.Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chi ti\u1ebft l\u00e0 nung th\u00e9p \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Ac3 (th\u00e9p hypoeutectoid) ho\u1eb7c Ac1 (th\u00e9p si\u00eau eutectoid ), sau \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian, l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i n\u00f3 \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 h\u1ee3p kim nh\u00f4m, h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u1ed3ng, h\u1ee3p kim titan, k\u00ednh c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00f4i. L\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t chung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng theo c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i d\u1ea7u, l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy tr\u00ecnh d\u1eadp t\u1eaft m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n.<\/div>\n

1. d\u1eadp t\u1eaft kh\u00ed \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao (HPGQ)<\/h2>\n
Ph\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u trong d\u00f2ng kh\u00ed tr\u01a1 m\u1ea1nh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, tr\u00e1nh n\u1ee9t, gi\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. HPGQ ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i th\u00e9p c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u00e2m (<1 \u00d7 105 Pa) l\u00e0m m\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, l\u00e0m m\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u00e1p su\u1ea5t (1 \u00d7 105 \uff5e 4 \u00d7 105 Pa) v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao (5 \u00d7 105 \uff5e 10 \u00d7 105 Pa) -l\u00e0m m\u00e1t, l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u00e1p su\u1ea5t c\u1ef1c cao (10 \u00d7 105 \uff5e 20 \u00d7 105 Pa) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi kh\u00e1c gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eadp t\u1eaft kh\u00ed ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eadp t\u1eaft, c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng nh\u1ecf. HPGQ \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, dung d\u1ecbch r\u1eafn c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Khi d\u1eadp t\u1eaft b\u1eb1ng nit\u01a1 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao 6 \u00d7 105 Pa, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao (W6Mo5Cr4V2) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ebfn 70-100 mm v\u00e0 th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t 25-100 mm. Th\u00e9p khu\u00f4n ngu\u1ed9i (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Cr12) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 80 ~ 100 mm.<\/div>\n
Khi d\u1eadp t\u1eaft b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed nit\u01a1 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao 10 x 105 Pa, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea3i t\u0103ng kho\u1ea3ng 30% \u0111\u1ebfn 40% khi l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i l\u00e0m m\u00e1t 6 \u00d7 105 Pa. Khi d\u1eadp t\u1eaft b\u1eb1ng nit\u01a1 si\u00eau cao \u00e1p 20 \u00d7 105 Pa ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a heli v\u00e0 nit\u01a1, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea3i l\u00e0m m\u00e1t l\u00e0 80%-150% cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi l\u00e0m m\u00e1t nit\u01a1 6 \u00d7 105 Pa, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00e9p t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim cao. , th\u00e9p khu\u00f4n d\u1eadp n\u00f3ng Th\u00e9p cr\u00f4m Cr13% v\u00e0 th\u00e9p l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea7u h\u1ee3p kim h\u01a1n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p 9Mn2V k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, l\u00f2 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed hai bu\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed3ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi l\u00f2 m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed3ng c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i. Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t c\u1ee7a l\u00f2 hai bu\u1ed3ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng nit\u01a1 2 x 105 Pa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi l\u00f2 m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed3ng 4 x 105 Pa. L\u00f2 m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<\/div>\n

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H\u00ecnh 1 L\u00f2 ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao<\/div>\n

2. d\u1eadp t\u1eaft v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a<\/h2>\n
Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1eadp t\u1eaft th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea7u, n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c dung d\u1ecbch polyme, trong khi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1eadp t\u1eaft m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p. T\u00ednh n\u0103ng t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd l\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed9i c\u1ef1c nhanh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng lo th\u00e9p b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 n\u1ee9t qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c.<\/div>\n
Khi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1eadp t\u1eaft th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n th\u00e9p h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t k\u00e9o ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, trong khi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1eadp t\u1eaft c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao s\u1ebd d\u1eebng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m m\u00e1t trong khi l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i v\u1eabn \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00f3ng, v\u00e0 l\u1edbp b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t n\u00e9n. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao, khi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i mactenxit> 30 \u00b0 C \/ s, Austenit si\u00eau l\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00e9p ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t n\u00e9n 1200 MPa, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p sau d\u1eadp t\u1eaft b\u1edfi \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 25%.<\/div>\n
Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao: Khi th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eadp t\u1eaft t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 Austenitizing, s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 l\u00f5i s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo thay \u0111\u1ed5i pha c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac thay \u0111\u1ed5i pha c\u0169ng g\u00e2y ra \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t chuy\u1ec3n pha b\u1ed5 sung. N\u1ebfu \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t chuy\u1ec3n pha ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhau, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo; n\u1ebfu \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p n\u00f3ng, m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t d\u1eadp t\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1eadp t\u1eaft c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao, \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t d\u01b0 g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo chuy\u1ec3n pha v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ec3 t\u00edch ri\u00eang g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ec3 t\u00edch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i austenit-mactenxit t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m m\u00e1t c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m m\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec3, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00f5i h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. L\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh g\u00e2y ra \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t k\u00e9o cao do s\u1ef1 co ng\u00f3t c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u00f5i. S\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a gradien nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t k\u00e9o g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i mactenxit ban \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i mactenxit Ms g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf l\u1edbp b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t do t\u00ednh d\u1ebbo chuy\u1ec3n pha, v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t k\u00e9o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t n\u00e9n. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t n\u00e9n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mactenxit b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh. \u1ee8ng su\u1ea5t n\u00e9n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem l\u00f5i s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3i qua bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i mactenxit khi n\u00e9n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t k\u00e9o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t khi l\u00e0m m\u00e1t th\u00eam. N\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i mactenxit l\u00e0m cho th\u1ec3 t\u00edch l\u00f5i gi\u00e3n n\u1edf \u0111\u1ee7, v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t mactenxit r\u1ea5t c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 gi\u00f2n, l\u1edbp b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 do \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t n\u00e9n tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00e9p v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i mactenxit c\u1ee7a l\u00f5i ph\u1ea3i x\u1ea3y ra c\u00e0ng mu\u1ed9n c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t.<\/div>\n
Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u00f4i ngu\u1ed9i m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh sau khi t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n th\u00e9p: \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t n\u00e9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tr\u00ean l\u1edbp b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u1ee9t, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng. L\u1edbp b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac mactenxit 100%, s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra l\u1edbp c\u1ee9ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Do \u0111\u00f3, th\u00e9p cacbon c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thay th\u1ebf cho th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n. L\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i m\u1ea1nh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng ph\u00f4i. Sau khi d\u1eadp t\u1eaft m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i xoay chi\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean theo m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn. [1]<\/div>\n

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H\u00ecnh 2 M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t d\u1eadp t\u1eaft m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed9i<\/div>\n

3. ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m m\u00e1t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h2>\n
B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u00e1p su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa v\u00f2i phun nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t c\u1ee7a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p n\u01b0\u1edbc-kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t. Th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1eadp t\u1eaft nhi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p cacbon ho\u1eb7c th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t.<\/div>\n

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H\u00ecnh 3 H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p n\u01b0\u1edbc-kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed<\/div>\n

4. ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1eadp t\u1eaft n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4i<\/h2>\n
L\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4i \u1edf 100 \u00b0 C, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a th\u00e9p. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n gang d\u1ebbo. L\u1ea5y h\u1ee3p kim nh\u00f4m l\u00e0m v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Theo c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i cho r\u00e8n v\u00e0 r\u00e8n h\u1ee3p kim nh\u00f4m, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u01b0\u1edbi 60 \u00b0 C. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i th\u1ea5p, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t nhanh v\u00e0 l\u1edbn \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t d\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra sau khi l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i. Khi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, do h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t d\u01b0, g\u00e2y ra bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, u\u1ed1n cong, h\u00ecnh elip v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u00f4ng, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed, th\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. . V\u00ed d\u1ee5: C\u00e1c v\u1eadt r\u00e8n b\u1eb1ng h\u1ee3p kim nh\u00f4m nh\u01b0 c\u00e1nh qu\u1ea1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u0129a l\u01b0\u1ee1i m\u00e1y n\u00e9n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng sau khi gia c\u00f4ng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn qu\u00e1 kh\u1ed5. Khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1eadp t\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng (30-40 \u00b0 C) \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4i (90-100 \u00b0 C), \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t d\u01b0 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh r\u00e8n gi\u1ea3m trung b\u00ecnh kho\u1ea3ng 50%. [2]<\/div>\n

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H\u00ecnh 4 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1eadp t\u1eaft n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4i<\/div>\n

5. ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1eadp t\u1eaft d\u1ea7u n\u00f3ng<\/h2>\n
D\u1ea7u l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i n\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c sau khi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m Ms, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 n\u1ee9t c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eadp t\u1eaft. L\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i khu\u00f4n th\u00e9p c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh b\u1eb1ng h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee1 nh\u1ecf trong d\u1ea7u n\u00f3ng \u1edf 160-200 \u00b0 C c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh n\u1ee9t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/div>\n

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H\u00ecnh 5 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1eadp t\u1eaft d\u1ea7u n\u00f3ng<\/div>\n
[1] Fan Dongli. D\u1eadp t\u1eaft m\u1ea1nh \u2014\u2014 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t m\u1edbi cho th\u00e9p gia c\u01b0\u1eddng [J]. X\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t, 2005, 20 (4): 1-3<\/div>\n
[2] Song Wei, Hao Dongmei, Wang Chengjiang. \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1eadp t\u1eaft n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt r\u00e8n b\u1eb1ng h\u1ee3p kim nh\u00f4m [J]. Gia c\u00f4ng nh\u00f4m, 2002, 25<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Quenching is a rapid heat treatment process to transform martensite (or bainite) transformation below Ms temperature or near Ms. The detailed method is to heat the steel to a temperature above the critical temperature of Ac3 (hypoeutectoid steel) or Ac1 (hyper-eutectoid steel), then retain its heat for a period of time, make it all or…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[79],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1701","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-materials-weekly"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1701","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1701"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1701\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1701"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1701"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1701"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}