{"id":13696,"date":"2019-09-27T06:58:31","date_gmt":"2019-09-27T06:58:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/?p=13696"},"modified":"2020-05-07T07:20:55","modified_gmt":"2020-05-07T07:20:55","slug":"structure-and-classification-of-titanium-alloys","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/cau-truc-va-phan-loai-hop-kim-titan\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p kim titan"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 titan<\/strong><\/h2>

Titanium l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950. H\u1ee3p kim titan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t cao. Nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1ee3p kim titan, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u00fang, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Titanium l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 B th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 trong b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n. N\u00f3 tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y l\u00e0 1 672 C. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda. Titanium c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u trong l\u1edbp v\u1ecf, cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 Cu, Zn, Sn v\u00e0 Pb. T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean titan \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng phong ph\u00fa. Ch\u1ec9 trong lo\u1ea1i nam ch\u00e2m vanadi-titan si\u00eau l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c Pan Chihua, t\u1ec9nh T\u1ee9 Xuy\u00ean, tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Titan li\u00ean quan l\u00ean t\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 420 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n, g\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Titan \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. H\u1ee3p kim titan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh h\u1ee3p kim ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t, h\u1ee3p kim c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao, h\u1ee3p kim ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n (h\u1ee3p kim Ti-Mo, Ti-Pd, v.v.), h\u1ee3p kim nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t (v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef hydro Ti-Fe v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb Ti-Ni H\u1ee3p kim).<\/p>

<\/strong>C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim titan <\/h2>

H\u1ee3p kim titan l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean titan v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c. Titan c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i tinh th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t: alpha titan c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c d\u01b0\u1edbi 882 C v\u00e0 beta titan v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ean 882 C. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ba lo\u1ea1i theo \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n pha: 1. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh pha alpha v\u00e0 t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i pha l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh alpha, bao g\u1ed3m nh\u00f4m, carbon, oxy v\u00e0 nit\u01a1. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00f4m l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim titan. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, gi\u1ea3m tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang v\u00e0 t\u0103ng m\u00f4 \u0111un \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim. (2) Pha beta \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n pha gi\u1ea3m l\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh beta, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i: \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 eutectoid. Lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t bao g\u1ed3m molypden, niobi v\u00e0 vanadi, trong khi lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 hai bao g\u1ed3m crom, mangan, \u0111\u1ed3ng, s\u1eaft v\u00e0 silicon. (3) C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 trung t\u00ednh, nh\u01b0 zirconi v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfc, \u00edt \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n pha.<\/p>

Oxy, nit\u01a1, carbon v\u00e0 hydro l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh trong h\u1ee3p kim titan. Oxy v\u00e0 nit\u01a1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00f2a tan cao h\u01a1n trong pha alpha, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho h\u1ee3p kim titan, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxy v\u00e0 nit\u01a1 trong titan th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u01b0\u1edbi 0,15-0,2% v\u00e0 0,04-0,05% t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. \u0110\u1ed9 h\u00f2a tan c\u1ee7a hydro trong pha alpha r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng hydro h\u00f2a tan qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c trong h\u1ee3p kim titan s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra hydrua, l\u00e0m cho h\u1ee3p kim gi\u00f2n. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hydro trong h\u1ee3p kim titan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u01b0\u1edbi 0,015%. S\u1ef1 h\u00f2a tan c\u1ee7a hydro trong titan l\u00e0 thu\u1eadn ngh\u1ecbch.<\/p>

\"\"<\/figure>

ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>

Titanium l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y 1720 (?) C v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ea1ng l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi 882 (?), \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 alpha titan, v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ean 882 (?) C , \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 beta titan. H\u1ee3p kim titan v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i pha v\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng pha d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n. H\u1ee3p kim titan c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ma tr\u1eadn \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng. H\u1ee3p kim titan c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ba lo\u1ea1i: h\u1ee3p kim alpha, h\u1ee3p kim (alpha + beta) v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim beta. Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n b\u1edfi TA, TC v\u00e0 TB t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>

H\u1ee3p kim titan alpha<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>

N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p kim m\u1ed9t pha bao g\u1ed3m dung d\u1ecbch r\u1eafn pha alpha. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 pha alpha c\u1ea3 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 chung v\u00e0 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cao h\u01a1n. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n titan nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t. S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng leo c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 500 600 C, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng cao.<\/p>

H\u1ee3p kim titan Beta<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>

N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p kim m\u1ed9t pha bao g\u1ed3m dung d\u1ecbch r\u1eafn pha beta. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh cao m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t. Sau khi d\u1eadp t\u1eaft v\u00e0 l\u00e3o h\u00f3a, h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 1372-1666 MPa. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 k\u00e9m v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>

H\u1ee3p kim titan Alpha + beta<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>

N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p kim hai pha c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i v\u00e0 l\u00e3o h\u00f3a. Sau khi x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n t\u0103ng th\u00eam 50%-100% so v\u1edbi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 400 500 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 k\u00e9m h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi h\u1ee3p kim titan alpha.<\/p>

Trong s\u1ed1 ba lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p kim titan, h\u1ee3p kim Alpha-titan v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim alpha + beta-titan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t; H\u1ee3p kim alpha-titan c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gia c\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim alpha + beta-titan v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim beta-titan. Alpha h\u1ee3p kim titan m\u00e3 TA, beta h\u1ee3p kim titan m\u00e3 TB, alpha + beta h\u1ee3p kim titan m\u00e3 TC.<\/p>

\"\"<\/figure>

\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim titan<\/h2>

H\u1ee3p kim titan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh h\u1ee3p kim ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t, h\u1ee3p kim c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao, h\u1ee3p kim ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n (h\u1ee3p kim Ti-Mo, Ti-Pd, v.v.), h\u1ee3p kim nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t (v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef hydro Ti-Fe v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb Ti-Ni H\u1ee3p kim). Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong b\u1ea3ng.<\/p>

Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac pha kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng tin r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed1t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n m\u1ecfi; c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c b\u1ec1n cao h\u01a1n, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh leo v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n g\u00e3y; c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 acicular c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>

H\u1ee3p kim titan c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t. Ngo\u00e0i ra, h\u1ee3p kim titan c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 k\u00e9m v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 c\u1eaft. N\u00f3 r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 hydro, oxy, nit\u01a1 v\u00e0 carbon khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00f2n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t titan c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1948. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng, ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p titan \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh 8% m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn h\u1ee3p kim titan h\u00e0ng n\u0103m tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t h\u01a1n 40.000 t\u1ea5n, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 g\u1ea7n 30 lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p kim titan. C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p kim titan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Ti-6Al-4V (TC4), Ti-5Al-2.5Sn (TA7) v\u00e0 titan tinh khi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (TA1, TA 2 v\u00e0 TA3).<\/p>

H\u1ee3p kim titan ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn m\u00e1y n\u00e9n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 m\u00e1y bay, ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 t\u00ean l\u1eeda, t\u00ean l\u1eeda v\u00e0 m\u00e1y bay t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao. V\u00e0o gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, titan v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00f3i chung \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n, ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n, l\u00f2 s\u01b0\u1edfi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u1eed m\u1eb7n n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Titanium v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef hydro v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng.<\/p>

H\u1ee3p kim titan v\u00e0 titan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1956 t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u titan v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim TB2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960.<\/p>

H\u1ee3p kim titan l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac quan tr\u1ecdng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1eefa nh\u00f4m v\u00e0 th\u00e9p, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ri\u00eang cao v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p. N\u0103m 1950, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean M\u1ef9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y bay n\u00e9m bom chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u01a1 F-84 l\u00e0m c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5m c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e2n m\u00e1y bay ph\u00eda sau, mui xe d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 mui xe \u0111u\u00f4i. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee3p kim titan \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb th\u00e2n m\u00e1y bay ph\u00eda sau sang th\u00e2n m\u00e1y bay gi\u1eefa, thay th\u1ebf m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00e9p k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 v\u00e1ch ng\u0103n, d\u1ea7m, n\u1eafp v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ee3p kim titan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00e1y bay qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng nhanh, \u0111\u1ea1t 20%-25% tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e1y bay. H\u1ee3p kim titan \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong m\u00e1y bay d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Titanium \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00e1y bay ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch Boeing 747 l\u00e0 h\u01a1n 3640 kg. Titanium cho m\u00e1y bay c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 Mach nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 2,5 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf th\u00e9p nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u00e1y bay trinh s\u00e1t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao SR-71 c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 (s\u1ed1 Mach bay 3, \u0111\u1ed9 cao bay 26.212 m\u00e9t), titan chi\u1ebfm 93% tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bay, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00e1y bay to\u00e0n titan titan. Khi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 aero t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 4 \u0111\u1ebfn 6 \u0111\u1ebfn 8 v\u00e0 10 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y n\u00e9n t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 200 \u0111\u1ebfn 300 \u0111\u1ed9 C \u0111\u1ebfn 500 \u0111\u1ebfn 600 \u0111\u1ed9 C, \u0111\u0129a v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee1i m\u00e1y n\u00e9n \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng nh\u00f4m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng h\u1ee3p kim titan, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u0129a v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee1i n\u00e9n cao \u00e1p l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng h\u1ee3p kim titan thay v\u00ec th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u. V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ee3p kim titan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 aero th\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebfm 20%-30% trong t\u1ed5ng tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. N\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y n\u00e9n, nh\u01b0 qu\u1ea1t titan, \u0111\u0129a v\u00e0 c\u00e1nh qu\u1ea1t n\u00e9n, v\u1ecf m\u00e1y n\u00e9n titan \u0111\u00fac, v\u1ecf trung gian, v\u1ecf \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c, v.v. T\u00e0u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cao, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim titan \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh \u00e1p l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau, b\u00ecnh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, \u1ed1c v\u00edt, d\u00e2y \u0111ai d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, khung v\u00e0 v\u1ecf t\u00ean l\u1eeda. M\u1ed1i h\u00e0n t\u1ea5m h\u1ee3p kim titan c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c v\u1ec7 tinh tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, m\u00f4-\u0111un m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng, t\u00e0u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i v\u00e0 t\u00e0u con thoi kh\u00f4ng gian.<\/p><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Base knowledge of titanium Titanium is an important structural metal developed in the 1950s. Titanium alloys are widely used in various fields because of their high specific strength, good corrosion resistance and high heat resistance. Many countries in the world have recognized the importance of titanium alloy materials, and have successively studied and developed them,…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":19657,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[79],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13696","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-materials-weekly"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1-1.png","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13696","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13696"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13696\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19657"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13696"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13696"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13696"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}