A recent “Chinese takeaway is bringing a catastrophe to the world” suddenly burst into red, once again triggered people’s concern about plastic pollution. Although I don’t agree with some of the views on this article, the unexpected plastic pollution situation described in the section is worth pondering. It refers to plastic particles, which are the micro-plastics mentioned in this article.

???????-????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????-???? ???? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??, ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???????????????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???, ??? ???? ????????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?????? 2004 ??? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ??, ????? ???? ??? ???????????????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ??, ?? ?????????? ?? ???????-????????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ??, ?? ?? ????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ??, ????? ???????-????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???

2014 ???, ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???, ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?? "????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ???????" ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ??, ?? ???????????????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? 2015 ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???, ???????????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???

At present, there is no accurate definition of microplastics in academia, but it is generally considered that plastic fibers, particles or films with a particle size of less than 5 mm are microplastics. Many microplastics can reach micrometers or even nanometers, which are invisible to the naked eye. Therefore, it is also visually compared to “PM2.5” in the ocean.

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????? ?? ??????, ???????-????????? ?? ???????? ?????????????????? ?? ???????? ?????????????????? ?? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?????????????????? ????????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????, ????? ????????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ??, ???? ??????? ???????, ????????, ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ???????-????????? ????????? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????????

??? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???, ?????? ???????????, ??????????? ???????????, ??????????? ??????????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???, ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ??, ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??? 300,000 ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ???, 1900 ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??, ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???? ?? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???

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Micro-plastics are eroding our earth’s ecological environment with lightning speed.

Since Becker invented the phenolic resin in 1907, the use of plastics has been more than a hundred years old. Plastics have brought great convenience to people’s lives, but they have also caused severe environmental problems due to their intractable treatment. A significant amount of waste plastic on land pollutes mountains and rivers, resulting in “white pollution,” and the ocean is also the hardest hit by plastic pollution. According to statistics, more than 8 million tons of plastics are abandoned in the sea each year, accounting for 80% of marine debris, which seriously threatens the marine ecosystem. These plastic wastes will form numerous microplastic granules over time. According to Marcus Eriksen of the Five Gyres Institute in 2014, there are at least 5.25 trillion plastic fragments in the global ocean, which may weigh about 269,000 tons.

Microplastics are commonly found in surface seawater, seabeds, sediments and beaches, and even in the most remote polar glaciers and deep-sea sediments. Professor Takada Hideo and others from Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology in Japan found that the concentration of microplastics in the sediments of Tokyo Bay is much higher than that of seawater. At present, except for the large coastal distribution of the oceans in the North and South Pacific, the North Atlantic Ocean, and the Indian Ocean, traces of microplastics are found in the Antarctic and the Arctic. An article was published in the scientific journal “The Future of the Earth”, which found that there are as many as 240 microplastic particles per cubic meter of Arctic sea ice. It can be said that microplastics have spread throughout the entire marine system.

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Not only the ocean but also micro-plastics on the land have entered the food chain. In April of this year, Mexican scientist Esperanza Huerta discovered micro-plastics in the soil, in the cockroach, in the hen’s stool, and in the stomach. It may have originated from the decomposition of incinerated waste plastics. It was confirmed for the first time that micro-plastics had entered the terrestrial food chain. Recently, a US agency conducted more than 150 tap water tests on cities around the world. The results showed that 83% of tap water contained micro-plastics, indicating that terrestrial water sources were also affected by micro-plastics. It has also been reported at home and abroad that micro-plastics have been detected in products such as salt, sea salt, beer, and honey. Perhaps the contamination of microplastics is ubiquitous.

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??????? ????????? ?? ?? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ??, ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????-????????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?? ???????, ?????? ????, ???????????????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???, ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??, ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????, ????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???-??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????, ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????????????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ??????????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????

???? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???????-????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????, ?? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ???????-????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ??, ????? PM2.5 ?? ??????, ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ????-????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??, ?? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????, ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???????????? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ?????????????????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ???

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???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??, ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? 2014 ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? 2016 ???, ??????? ?? ??????? ???????????????? ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????????????????? ?? ?????? ??? 2017 ???, ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????????, ???????????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?????????? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? “????? ???????, ????? ??????: ??? ?? ?????” ?? ???????

????????? ?????????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?????????????????? ?? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???, ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ???????????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ???????????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? 2015 ???, ????? ?? "?? ???? ?????? ????" ?? ????????? ???, ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?? 1 ?????, 2017 ?? ??? ?????????? ?? ????????? ???????????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? 1 ????? 2018 ?? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????, ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ????

?????? 2014 ??? ????? ???, ?????????, ????????, ??????????, ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ????? 21 ??????? 2015 ??, ???????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ??? ?????? ???? (??????????? ?????) ?? ??????? ?? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ?? 2020 ?? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? 23 ??? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????, ?? ??? ??????????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???, ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? 2018 ???, ??????? ???????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ??????

As a cosmetics manufacturer, the world’s daily chemical giants such as Johnson & Johnson, Procter & Gamble, Unilever and Estee Lauder have all said that they will phase out plastic microbeads in personal care products. Except for Unilever, other estimates are still taking one to two years. In addition to limiting microbeads in the cosmetics sector, secondly, it is actively promoting the use of biodegradable plastics to reduce plastic pollution. As for other major initiatives to curb microplastics from the source, it seems that there are not many.

China is the world’s largest producer and consumer of plastics, and micro-plastic pollution poses a serious threat to China’s marine ecosystem. However, the relevant domestic research started late, and the appropriate monitoring technology is still not perfect. At present, the public does not know enough about micro-plastics and has insufficient understanding of its hazards. However, the Chinese government has paid attention to micro-plastic pollution and launched an action. Since 2007, China has started routine monitoring of marine debris, including plastic waste. Since 2016, China has begun monitoring micro-plastics in the offshore waters. For the first time this year, micro-plastics monitoring was carried out in the Arctic and the East Pacific.

16 ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? "??????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ????????" ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???, “??????? ??????? ?? ?????????????????? ?????? ?????” ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ??, ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???????-????????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???????, ??????? ?? ??????? ???????????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??, ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ???????????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????????? ???? ??? ????, ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???, ??????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???

Micro-plastics, as an emerging source of pollution in the ocean and even the global environment, is insignificant and even traceless. However, they have unwittingly changed the sea and also the global ecological environment, causing great harm to the environment and affecting the safety of living things. Diversity ultimately poses a significant threat to human health. It is time to face the danger of micro-plastics! It is also hoped that all sectors of the community will work together to reduce plastic waste, curb the spread of micro-plastics, and maintain marine life including human beings’ own beautiful homes.