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簡體中文 ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????????: ??????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????. ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????.
??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??: ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? (s? P)? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????.
??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????????
???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????
?????? ??? ????????: ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? 450 ~ 850 ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ??????. ???
(1) ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????????
?. ????? ????? Cr23C6? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? Ti ? Nb ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????.
?. ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????. ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????.
??? ????? Cr23C6 ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????????.
?. ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??????. ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? 600-1000 ???? ????? ??? ???????. ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? (??? ???? ??? ??????? ????????). ???? ?? ?????? ????. ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????. ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????. ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???.
?. ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? (850-900 ???? ?????) ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????.
(2) ????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????:
???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ??? Ti ?Nb ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ????????. ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? Cr23C6.
?. ????? ????? ???????. ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? 0.06%.
?. ?????? ????? ???? ??????. ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? "???????? ???????? ????? ???????" ?? ????? ??????.
?? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? (???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????). ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????.
?. ???????? ???????? ??? ??????. ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ????????.
?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????
???? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????:
?. ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????. ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????. ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????.
?. ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????. ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????.
?. ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????.
???? ?????? ??????? (?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????)
????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????. ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??? s ? P ?? ??????. ????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????.
?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????.
????????? ????????:
?. ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? s ? P.
?. ??? ???? ?????? ???????. ???? ?????? δ ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ?????? δ ????? ?????? ?? s ?P? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????.
?. ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????. ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????.
?. ??????? ???????. ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????.
??? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????????? 25-20 ???? ?????? ???????. ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???.
????? ?????? ???????
??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????.
???? ?????? ????
???? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????. ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????????: ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???????? TIG ?MIG ???????? ????????.
?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????. ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????.
?? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???????. ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? (4-12%) ????? ?????? ???? ?????? (?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????) ?? ??????.
????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????.
??? ?? ???? ???? C ?s ?P ?Si ?Nb ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????. ?? ????? ???? NB ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????.
??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??????. ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????????
???? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????. ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????. ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? Si ?s ?P.
??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? 5%. ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? 20% ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? (6-8%) ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????.
???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????????.
